cystCall the inflammation of the bladder.In most cases, this inflammation is caused by a bacterial infection, and is a type of urinary tract infection (IMVP).Bladder infection can be very painful and exhausting, and can also lead to more serious problems if it enters the adhesive kidneys.
In rare cases, cystitis can be a reaction to certain medicines, radiation therapy or other stimuli: female hygiene spray, spermicide gel or long -term use of urinary catheter.Cystitis can also be a complication of another disease.
Typically, bacterial cystitis requires the recipe of antibiotics.The treatment of other types of cystitis depends on their cause.
Symptoms and signs of cystitis
Cystitis symptoms include:
Indispensable (unexpected and very strong) seek to urinate
Fake urination
Burning during urination
Frequent urination, small urine
Blood in the urine (hematuria)
Mud urine and/or urine with a sharp unpleasant odor
Embarrassment in the pelvic area
Pressure pressure on the lower abdomen
Sub -bodily body temperature (from 37 to 38 degrees)
In young children, the sudden appearance of daily enuresis (urinary incontinence) can also be a sign of urinary tract infection (IMVP).
When you see a doctor
Seek medical help immediately if you have symptoms that are characteristic of renal infection, in particular:
Back or side pain
Fever
Vomiting and vomiting
Frequent, painful urination, lasting more than a few hours
Blood in the urine.
Especilly, especially important to consult a doctor if this is not the first episode of the cystitis.
If you have just completed the course of treatment, and the symptoms are already returned, consult a doctor immediately.
If your child has the enurse during the day, call your pediatrician
Causes and Cysty Risk Factors
The human urinary system consists of two kidneys, two urethra, bladder and urethra.
The main function of the urinary system is to eliminate slag from the body.The kidneys filter the blood, releasing primary and then secondary hunger;Secondary urine flows through the ureters in the bladder and accumulates there for several hours, after which the bladder is filled, the person feels the encouragement to urinate, and empty the bladder through the urethra.
Bacterial cystitis
Urinary infections usually occur when bacteria externally penetrate the urinary tract through the urethra and begin to multiply there.Most often, cystitis is caused by E. coli bacteria.
Bacterial cystitis can occur in women as a complication of sexual intercourse, especially often after the first sexual intercourse in a woman's life.But even inactive girls and sexual women are susceptible to low urinary tract infections because women of the genitals are often obsamenenic bacteria that cause cystitis.
Non -infectant cystitis
Nebakterialnym cystitam includes:
Interstitial cystitis.The causes of this chronic bladder inflammation, also called the painful bladder syndrome, are still unclear.Most often it is found in women.This disease can be difficult to identify and cure.
Medication cystitis.Some medicines, chemotherapeutic drugs can cause cystitis, as they accumulate in the bladder and irritate its wall.
Radiation cystitis.Treatment by pelvic area radiation can cause inflammatory changes in the bladder tissue.
Cystitis of a foreign body.Prolonged use of the urinary catheter can increase the risk of bacterial infections and tissue damage;Both of these factors can cause cystitis.
Chemical cystitis.Some people may have increased sensitivity to chemicals involved in the jacuzzi, female hygiene spraying, spermidnyh gel and other substances.Local chemical irritation, or allergic inflammation - causes typical symptoms of cystitis.
Cystitis caused by other factors.Sometimes cystitis can occur as a complication of other diseases, such as diabetes, kidney stones, prostate hypertrophy or spinal cord damage.
Risk factors
Some people are more likely to develop recurrent urinary tract infections than others.First of all, the risk factor is the female floor - a short urethra makes women more vulnerable before the disease.
Among women, those who: who:
Sexually active.Sexual intercourse can lead to protalkivaniyu bacteria in the urethra.
Use some contraceptive tools.Women who use diaphragms and other membranes saturated with spermidnym gel are more likely to suffer from cystitis.
Pregnancy.Hormonal changes during pregnancy can increase the risk of cystitis.
Located in menopause.Changed hormones in women in menopause are often IMVP provociruyut.
Other factors of cystitis in men and women include:
Urine barrier.It can be caused by a stone in the bladder or an enlarged prostate (to men).
Changes in the immune system.They occur in diseases such as diabetes, HIV infection and cancer chemotherapy.Printing the immune system increases the risk of bacterial cystitis and, in some cases, viral.
Long -term use of the urinary catheter.Older people and people with some diseases may need to use long urinary catheter.This often leads to increased sensitivity before bacterial infections as well as direct damage to the bladder tissue.
In men without any predisposing factor - cystitis is rare.
Cystitis complications
With rapid and proper treatment, cystitis rarely leads to complications.However, with premature treatment, cystitis can provoke more serious diseases.
Cystitis complications include, first of all, pyelonephritis (infectious kidney inflammation).An infection from the inflamed bladder can fall into the adhesive kidneys, which, in turn, can cause pyelonephritis and even irreversible damage to the renal tissue (nephrosclerosis).
Early children and the elderly have the highest risk of kidney damage due to bladder infections because the symptoms of IMVP are often overlooked, or mistakenly taken by doctors for other diseases symptoms.
Preparation for a doctor's visit
If you, or your child, have symptoms characteristic of the cystitis, you should have an appointment with a doctor.First, you need to be examined by a pediatrician, a therapist or a general doctor, and then, if he considers it necessary, you will turn to a urologist or nephrologist.In anticipation of waiting time, you can make a list that will reduce and optimize communication time with your doctor:
Write your symptoms, including those that seem to be not related to cystitis
Make a list of all medicines, vitamins or nutritional additives you accept
Enter questions you want to make your doctor
For example, you may ask a doctor:
What is likely to cause my illness?
What additional exams do I need to pass?
What factors, in your opinion, contributed to the development of cystitis?
Kind what kind of treatment approach do you recommend?
If this course does not bring relief, what treatment do you advise me?
What side effects can be expected from the specified course of treatment?
What is the risk that this problem will be repeated?
Can I do to reduce the risk of relapse?
Do I need a consultation of a close specialist, urologist or nephrologist?
Feel free to ask questions that arise with you during a conversation with a doctor.
Your doctor will probably ask you a number of questions, for example:
When did you first notice these symptoms?
Have you been treated earlier for urinary tract infections?
How strong embarrassment do you experience?
How often do you get wet?
After urination, how long does it last?
Do you have a lower back pain?
Have you had an elevated temperature?
Have you noticed discharge from the vagina or blood into the urine?
Are you sexual active?
Do you use contraception cream?Which?
Aren't you pregnant?
Do you take medicines, biological supplements or vitamins?Do you have a chronic illness?
Have you ever used a urinary catheter?
Diagnosis of cystitis
In addition to asking your symptoms and examining physics, your doctor may recommend certain tests and tests, such as:
General Urine AnalysisThe test is used as screeningovy, and as a diagnostic.In this analysis, IMVP can be discussed in the growth of leukocytes, red blood cells and nitrite.
Urine analysis for sterility.If the bladder is suspected of infection, the doctor may prescribe urine analysis of sterility, which will indicate the type of bacteria in the urine and their number.
Overall blood testThis analysis shows non -specific inflammatory changes in white blood cells, and indirectly indicate the presence and severity of the urinary tract (IMVP).
Cystoscopy.During this study, the doctor presents a cystoscope - a thin tube with back light and video camera, through the urethra in the bladder, and examines it internally to study structural abnormalities and signs of inflammation.
When using a cystoscope, the doctor can also get a small fabric sample (biopsy) from a suspicious place for laboratory tests.However, cystoscopy is not told to all patients with cystitis, but only for patients with repeated cystitis or nebakterialnym.
Visualisiruyushchie methods.These research methods are also required by not all patients, but only for those who cannot find the cause of the MIVP relapse in other ways.For example, the radiography of the abdominal compilation, or ultrasound of the retroperitoneal space, can identify the structural abnormalities of the bladder, urethra and kidneys.In some cases, a contrast is performed before radiography, climbing (cystography) or subtraction (intravenous urography).
Treatment of cystitis
The cystitis caused by a bacterial infection is usually treated with antibiotics.The treatment of non -infectious cystitis depends on its cause.
Treatment of bacterial cystitis
First -line antibiotics are medicines that are active against intestinal stick, or those bacteria found in the urine during planting.
Primary infection.Symptoms usually improve significantly in the early days of treatment, but the doctor can insist on continuing therapy from three to seven days, depending on the severity of your infection.
Repeated infection.If you have a recovery of MIPP, your doctor may recommend longer treatment with antibiotics, or directs you to a doctor who specializes in the treatment of urinary tract infections (urologist or nephrologist) to identify the cause of the relap.For some women with repeated bacterial cystitami, a single dose of antibiotic after any sexual intercourse can be useful.
Nosocomial infections.Nosocomial bladder infections can be extremely difficult to treat because the bacteria they cause are often resistant to the main antibiotics used for the therapy of extracurricular bladder infections.Therefore, the doctor may prescribe some antibiotics immediately.
Treatment of interstitial cystitis
The reason for the development of interstitial cystitis remains unsafe, so there is no universal treatment regimen suitable for all patients at the same time.The doctor may prove the following methods of treatment:
Orally used preparations, or administered directly on the bladder.
Local procedures that relieve symptoms, such as stretching of the bladder, filling it with water or gas.
Nerve excitation with mild electric impulses (physiotization) to relieve pain in the pelvic area, and, in some cases, reduce the frequency of urination
Treatment of other forms of non -infectious cystitis
First of all, it is necessary to eliminate the cause that causes non -infectious cystitis: jacuzzi, spermicide cream, etc.
Cystitis treatment, which develops as a complication of chemotherapy or radiation therapy, focuses on pain suppression (usually using the sedative), and washing to reduce contact with the irritant in the bladder.
Living remedies and remedies at home
Cystitis can be very painful, but there are simple home methods to relieve this embarrassment:
Use the heat pillow.Put the heat pillow in the lower abdomen, this will greatly relieve pain and aggravation in the pelvis.
Do not allow dehydration.Drink plenty of fluids.Avoid coffee, alcohol, non-alcoholic beverages containing caffeine, citrus juices;As well as spicy foods - until cystitis symptoms calm down.These substances can irritate the bladder and worsen the frequency and intensity of urination.
Make a seated bath.Sign the claws in hot water for 15-20 minutes, this will significantly relieve pain and discomfort.
With repeated IMVP, discuss your optimal personal tactics of therapy and symptomatic treatment with your doctor.
Preventing cystitis
Blueberry juice or tablets containing pro -aantocyanidine are often recommended to reduce the risk of repeated bladder infections of some women.However, recent studies show that these methods are not as effective as previously thought.
You can still try to get cranberry juice daily, but remember that it cannot be combined with warfarin, as this combination can lead to bleeding.
The following simple rules may be useful for preventing cystitis:
Drink plenty of liquids, especially water.This is especially important if you take chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
Heat more often.If you feel the encouragement to urinate, do not postpone a visit to the toilet.
After defecation, wipe the claws forward.This prevents bacteria from the anal region in the vagina and the urethra.
Shower, not a bath.If you are inclined to relax IMVP, if you refuse the bathroom and you will shower, as stable water in the bathroom can help penetrate the infection into the urethra.
Gently wash the skin around the vagina and anus.Do this every day, but do not use irritating soap and do not make energy efforts.In delicate skin around these areas, irritation occurs easily.
Plenty of bladder as soon as possible after sexual intercourse.Drink a full glass of water to go soon back to the toilet.
Avoid the use of deodorants and aerosols, as well as other female cosmetics in the genital area.These substances can irritate the urethra and bladder.